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Lion Limuti » Unit 2: Force and Motion (FAM)

Unit 2: Force and Motion (FAM)

Unit 2: FORCE & MOTION covers the standards listed below.
Unit 2 : FAM

Next Generation Science Standards

Performance Expectations: MS-PS2-1; MS-PS2-2; MS-PS3-1

 

Science and Engineering Practices: Practice 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8

 

Disciplinary Core Ideas: PS2.A; PS3.A

 

Crosscutting Concepts: Cause and Effect; Stability and Change; Scale, Proportion, and Quantity

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Standards explained.

 

Focal Performance Expectations

  • MS-PS2-1. Apply Newton’s third law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects. [Clarification Statement: Examples of practical problems could include the impact of collisions between two cars, between a car and stationary objects, and between a meteor and a space vehicle.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to vertical or horizontal interactions in one dimension.]

  • MS-PS2-2. Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on balanced (Newton’s first law) and unbalanced forces in a system, qualitative comparisons of forces, mass and changes in motion (Newton’s second law), frame of reference, and specification of units.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to forces and changes in motion in one-dimension in an inertial reference frame and to change in one variable at a time. Assessment does not include the use of trigonometry.

 

  • MS-PS3-1. Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on descriptive relationships between kinetic energy and mass separately from kinetic energy and speed. Examples could include riding a bicycle at different speeds, rolling different sizes of rocks downhill, and getting hit by a wiffle ball versus a tennis ball.]

 

Science and Engineering Practices

The Force and Motion unit provides students with exposure to all the science and engineering practices described in the Next Generation Science Standards.

  • Practice 1: Asking Questions. As students investigate what happened to the pod during the missing seconds, their inquiry is guided by a series of strategic questions. They also have many opportunities to pose their own questions. In particular, the Active Reading approach, an approach to reading based on curiosity and inquiry, supports students in asking thoughtful questions as they read science articles.
  • Practice 2: Developing and Using Models. Students spend ample time exploring and investigating a digital simulation that models changes in velocity due to forces. They also use a digital modeling tool to create models that show their ideas about force and motion.
  • Practice 3: Planning and Carrying Out Investigations. Students conduct investigations using hands-on materials and the Simulation to gather information about the relationships between force, mass, and velocity, as well as the forces objects experience in a collision.
  • Practice 4: Analyzing and Interpreting Data. Students analyze data they have collected in their own hands-on and simulation investigations, as well as data presented from other sources, to draw conclusions about force, mass, and change in velocity.
  • Practice 5: Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking. Students consider proportional relationships between force, mass, and change in velocity as they compare data from different investigation trials.
  • Practice 6: Constructing Explanations. Students learn about scientific explanations and have multiple opportunities to make increasingly complex explanations (and defend them through argumentation) over the course of the unit as they explain what happened during the missing seconds.
  • Practice 7: Engaging in Argument from Evidence. Students receive instruction about the structure of a scientific argument and are supported in evaluating evidence, engaging in scientific reasoning, and producing both oral and written arguments.
  • Practice 8: Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information. Students have multiple opportunities to engage in Active Reading, an approach to obtaining information from science texts. Students also evaluate evidence to determine its relevance to a particular claim.
 
Disciplinary Core Ideas
 

  • Focal Disciplinary Core Ideas

    This unit addresses the following core ideas:

    PS2.A: Forces and Motion:

    • For any pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton’s third law). (MS-PS2-1)
     
    • The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. (MS-PS2-2)
     
    • All positions of objects and the directions of forces and motions must be described in an arbitrarily chosen reference frame and arbitrarily chosen units of size. In order to share information with other people, these choices must also be shared. (MS-PS2-2)
     

    PS3.A: Definitions of Energy:

    • Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy; it is proportional to the mass of the moving object and grows with the square of its speed. (MS-PS3-1)